{"id":6500,"date":"2025-06-25T09:42:19","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T07:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/what-can-batteries-withstand-dynamic-mechanical-characterisation-of-battery-materials"},"modified":"2025-08-25T14:10:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T12:10:25","slug":"what-can-batteries-withstand-dynamic-mechanical-characterisation-of-battery-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/what-can-batteries-withstand-dynamic-mechanical-characterisation-of-battery-materials","title":{"rendered":"What can batteries withstand? &#8211; Dynamic-mechanical characterisation of battery materials"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>In battery electric vehicles and in the first small electric aeroplanes, energy is stored in conventional batteries, which require installation space and significantly increase the mass of the vehicle. Concepts with structurally integrated energy storage systems, on the other hand, offer a way of compensating for these disadvantages. By combining energy storage and load-bearing structure into a single component, the mass and required volume can be reduced. This is achieved, for example, by eliminating the separate housing of the energy storage unit or by the energy storage unit itself transmitting mechanical loads and thus becoming a structure itself. As part of the SE<sup>2<\/sup>A Cluster of Excellence, the load-bearing integration of batteries in aircraft structures is being investigated in more detail. However, the cyclic loading of the structurally integrated batteries poses a major challenge. It is still unclear what influence dynamic forces have on the service life and properties of the batteries. Only by answering this key question will it be possible to fully assess the real potential of this energy storage concept. <\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-8cfb0ce11c7b44361be63a7de1ef0f02.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-8cfb0ce11c7b44361be63a7de1ef0f02.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-8cfb0ce11c7b44361be63a7de1ef0f02 .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-8cfb0ce11c7b44361be63a7de1ef0f02 .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-8cfb0ce11c7b44361be63a7de1ef0f02 alignnone caption-on  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:1000px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%201000%20254&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_1-1-1000x254.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_1-1-1000x254.png 1000w, https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_1-1.png 1169w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" width=\"1000\" height=\"254\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/what-can-batteries-withstand-dynamic-mechanical-characterisation-of-battery-materials\/bild_1-6-2\" style=\"--ratio: 1000 \/ 254;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-single-caption\">Individual components of a button cell (from left to right: housing - cathode - separator - anode - spacer - spring - housing)<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>What happens to batteries under cyclical load?<\/h4>\n<p>In order to analyse the influence of cyclic mechanical loads, the battery components, such as anodes and cathodes, are considered first. These electrodes consist of a collector coated with an active material. In the case of the anode, this is a thin copper foil coated with graphite. For the tests, the electrodes are dynamically loaded in tension until they fail. A small, intact part of this foil is then used to produce a battery in the form of a button cell. This makes it possible to evaluate the effect of the mechanical load on the performance of the battery. Both reference button cells consisting only of unstressed material and button cells in which either the anode or the cathode has been subjected to cyclic tensile stress are produced. The button cells are then electrochemically characterised using a potentiostat. This involves charging and discharging the cells several times and measuring the impedance. This provides a better understanding of how cyclical, mechanical loads affect the electrochemical properties of the electrodes.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-7a3f60d1121bb0da5c91f5705d5ea2a6.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-7a3f60d1121bb0da5c91f5705d5ea2a6.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-7a3f60d1121bb0da5c91f5705d5ea2a6 .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-7a3f60d1121bb0da5c91f5705d5ea2a6 .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-7a3f60d1121bb0da5c91f5705d5ea2a6 alignnone  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:150px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20150%20328&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_2-150x328.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_2-150x328.png 150w, https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild_2-300x656.png 300w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" width=\"150\" height=\"328\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/was-halten-batterien-aus-dynamisch-mechanische-charakterisierung-von-batteriematerialien\/bild_2-2\" style=\"--ratio: 150 \/ 328;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Winding the film onto rollers ensures an even load on the sample<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;50px&#8221;]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-43e758482c734e3b6f46934d65f5510c.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-43e758482c734e3b6f46934d65f5510c.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-43e758482c734e3b6f46934d65f5510c .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-43e758482c734e3b6f46934d65f5510c .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-43e758482c734e3b6f46934d65f5510c alignnone caption-on  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:500px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20460%20288&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild3.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild3.png 460w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" width=\"460\" height=\"288\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/was-halten-batterien-aus-dynamisch-mechanische-charakterisierung-von-batteriematerialien\/bild3-3\" style=\"--ratio: 460 \/ 288;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"shortcode-single-caption\">W\u00f6hlerkurve der Anodenfolie<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-cef4cea9956bd74f782ce69e89161a0e.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-cef4cea9956bd74f782ce69e89161a0e.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-cef4cea9956bd74f782ce69e89161a0e .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-cef4cea9956bd74f782ce69e89161a0e .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-cef4cea9956bd74f782ce69e89161a0e alignnone  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:500px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20500%20355&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.1-500x355.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.1-500x355.png 500w, https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.1.png 616w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" width=\"500\" height=\"355\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/was-halten-batterien-aus-dynamisch-mechanische-charakterisierung-von-batteriematerialien\/bild4-1\" style=\"--ratio: 500 \/ 355;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;40px&#8221;]<style type=\"text\/css\" data-type=\"the7_shortcodes-inline-css\">.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-1109df8011693f8c9198e8754d1343e9.enable-bg-rollover .rollover i,\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-1109df8011693f8c9198e8754d1343e9.enable-bg-rollover .rollover-video i {\n  background: -webkit-linear-gradient();\n  background: linear-gradient();\n}\n.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-1109df8011693f8c9198e8754d1343e9 .rollover-icon {\n  font-size: 32px;\n  color: #ffffff;\n  min-width: 44px;\n  min-height: 44px;\n  line-height: 44px;\n  border-radius: 100px;\n  border-style: solid;\n  border-width: 0px;\n}\n.dt-icon-bg-on.shortcode-single-image-wrap.shortcode-single-image-1109df8011693f8c9198e8754d1343e9 .rollover-icon {\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);\n  box-shadow: none;\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"shortcode-single-image-wrap shortcode-single-image-1109df8011693f8c9198e8754d1343e9 alignnone  enable-bg-rollover dt-icon-bg-off\" style=\"margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; width:500px;\"><div class=\"shortcode-single-image\"><div class=\"fancy-media-wrap  layzr-bg\" style=\"\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"preload-me lazy-load aspect\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D&#39;http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg&#39;%20viewBox%3D&#39;0%200%20500%20346&#39;%2F%3E\" data-src=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.2-500x346.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.2-500x346.png 500w, https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Bild4.2.png 573w\" loading=\"eager\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" width=\"500\" height=\"346\"  data-dt-location=\"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/was-halten-batterien-aus-dynamisch-mechanische-charakterisierung-von-batteriematerialien\/bild4-2\" style=\"--ratio: 500 \/ 346;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Discharge capacity and impedance spectrum of a reference button cell and a button cell with anode material tested at 70 % of the static tensile strength and failed after approx. 167000 cycles<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Initial findings from the mechanical and electrochemical tests<\/h4>\n<p>When carrying out the tests, it became apparent that the clamping of the electrode foil is of crucial importance in generating reproducible results. In several optimisation steps, a clamping system was developed in which the ends of the electrode foil are wound onto metallic rolls. As a result, the stress in the foil builds up evenly, so that no critical stress concentrations occur. The experimentally determined W\u00f6hler curve shows that the range between the two prediction limits is relatively wide, which indicates an increased scattering of the tests. All the tests carried out are within the prediction limits, although some of them are far away from the regression line. The increased scatter is probably due to the small number of samples (13 samples) and variations in the manual sample preparation. Initial tests with reference button cells and button cells with cyclically mechanically loaded anode foil indicate a significant influence of the dynamic loads on the electrochemical properties of the cells. This is demonstrated by the clear differences between the two cells in terms of discharge capacities and impedance spectra. Further investigations will help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to transfer the findings from the mechanical investigations of the individual battery components to a complete battery cell. The overarching goal is to derive optimisation strategies that can be used to increase the mechanical robustness of the cells as a basis for successful structural integration.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]In battery electric vehicles and in the first small electric aeroplanes, energy is stored in conventional batteries, which require installation space and significantly increase the mass of the vehicle. Concepts with structurally integrated energy storage systems, on the other hand, offer a way of compensating for these disadvantages. By combining energy storage and load-bearing&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":153,"featured_media":6405,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[228],"tags":[],"coauthors":[328],"class_list":["post-6500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artikel-en","category-228","description-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/153"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6500"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6503,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6500\/revisions\/6503"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6500"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leichtbau.dlr.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=6500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}